Two species, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, are responsible for most of the morbidity and mortality due to malaria globally. Malaria remains the most important parasitic infection in the world, with 228 million cases in 2018 (95% confidence interval 206–258 million), caused by infection with one or more of the six species of Plasmodium parasites. vivax infections that had not been investigated in Ghana before. These results provide insights on the host susceptibility for P. vivax infections observed can be attributed to the high frequency of the FY ES allele that silences erythroid expression of the Duffy. vivax were detected by both PCRs and majority of the subjects tested carried the FY ES allele. All positive samples were genotyped as FY*B-33/ FY*B-33 (Duffy-negative homozygous) and therefore classified as Fy(a−b−). Of the samples tested for the FY ES allele from all the sites, 90.5% (862/952) had the FY ES allele. No case of mixed infection was identified. falciparum with only 1 infection (0.0017%) due to Plasmodium malariae, and 2 infections (0.0034%) due to Plasmodium ovale. Majority of infections (542, 94.8%) in the malaria patient samples were due to P. vivax were detected in any of the samples by both PCR methods used. Duffy blood group genotyping was performed by allele-specific PCR to detect the presence of the FY ES allele. vivax detection, a second PCR of the central region of the Pvcsp gene was carried out. Plasmodium species identification was carried out by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the small-subunit (SSU) rRNA genes. MethodsĭNA was extracted from dried blood spots (DBS) collected from 952 subjects (845 malaria patients and 107 asymptomatic persons) from nine locations in Ghana. vivax in both asymptomatic and symptomatic outpatients and the distribution of Duffy genotypes in Ghana.

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of P.

vivax in local populations in Ghana is unknown and little information is available about the distribution of Duffy genotypes. Recent studies from different malaria-endemic regions including western Africa have now shown that Plasmodium vivax can infect red blood cells (RBCs) and cause clinical disease in Duffy-negative people, though the Duffy-negative phenotype was thought to confer complete refractoriness against blood invasion with P.

Negative xp trans